National Phlebotomy Training Example For Students

National Phlebotomy Training Question Answer Provides massage therapy Physical Therapist Dispense medications Pharmacy Analyze Blood and urine specimens Clinical Laboratory Teach daily living skills to disabled persons Occupational Therapy Perform CT scans and MRIs Radiology Provide pulmonary therapy Respitory Therapy Puncture or incision into a vein to obtain blood Phlebotomy Conduct and qualities that typify a professinal Professionalism Process by which a program or institution documents meeting established guidelines Accreditation Performance of procedures in various locations Decentralization Instruction to acquire additional Pt. care skills Cross-training Documentation assuring that an individual has met certain professional standards Certification Maintaining the privacy of information Confidentiality Patient care that does not require transporting the Pt. to various locations Pt. Focused care Major traditional duties and responsibilities of the phlebotomist include *Correct Labeling of all specimens w/ REQUIRED information*Collect appropriate amount of blood (venipuncture or dermal puncture)*Correct identification of the Pt. BEFORE blood or Sample collection Additional Duties of a Phlebotomist may include *EKG*Training other health care workers to perform Phlebotomy Examples of Non-verbal, distracting,rude behaviors *Chewing gum*Looking out windows*Watching the clock Components of Communication *Verbal skills*Listening skills*Body language (Non-verbal) Employment opportunities for phlebotomists include *Blood donor cntrs*Reference Labs*POLs (Dr office Lab) Certifying organizations *ASCP*AMT*ASPT Barriers to verbal communication *Hearing Impairment*Level of Pt. education*Age Professional Services in Hospital *Radiology *Clinical Laboratory Desirable personal characteristics for a Phelbotomist *Dependability*Compassion*Honesty Dpt. of Hospital the uses High-energy X-rays or ionizing radiations to stop cancer cells Radiation Therapy Continuing education Units CEUs required to maintain license or Certification Nosocomial infection IS acquired by a Pt. during a hospital stay The chain of infection includes *Source*Mode of Transmission*Susceptible Host Sources of biologic safety hazards Infectious Agents PPE Gloves, Masks, Gowns Gowns are worn to. *Protect clothing and skin from contamination*to prevent transfer of microorganism between pt.s rm. *to prevent the possibility of encountering splashes or large amount of body fluids What is the correct order for removing PPE? Gloves, Mask, Gown R. A.C.E Means R escueA larm C ontainE xtinguish When is chain of infection broken? when an infection is prevented! Which type of precaution is used for pulmonary TB (tuberculosis)? Airborn/Droplet When should Standard Precautions be followed? With all patients at all times What type of isolation is used on a Pt. who is on Chemotherapy and has very low Wht blood cells? Reverse/Protective First thing to do in the event of electrical shock to a co-worker or Patient? shut off the source of electricity What is the disinfectant of choice for blood-borne pathogens? Sodium hypochloRITE (bleach) PPE must be provided to you by? The Employer The body standing erect, head facing forward, and arms by the side palms facing front is called? Anatomic Position The specimen collected by the phlebotomis is Blood What dpt should be avoided by a pregnant phlebotomist? Radiology Under the Needle Stick Safety and Prevention Act the following are TRUE Requires facilities to *Document evaluation and implementation of safer needle devices*Involve employees in the selection and evaluation of new devices Vector (host) means of Transmission *Mosquitoes*Ticks*Fleas P. A.S.S. Means? P ULLA imS queeze S weep Support, protect, movement and mineral storage Skeletal system Recognizes sensory stimuli Nervous system Absorption of nutrients, and eliminates waste Digestive system Protection, regulation, sensation, and secretion Integumentary system Produces and regulates hormones Endocrine system Sexual Reproduction Reproductive system Exchanges gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide Respiratory system Returns excess fluid/defense against disease Lymphatic system Movement, posture, and heat production Muscular system Removes excess water from the body Urinary system Hazard caused by infectious organism Biohazardous Infection acquired in the hospital Nosocomial infection Preventive measures taken when a person is exposed to infectious disease Post-exposure PROPHYLAXIS Guideline describing PPE Practices Standard Precautions Isolation practices to prevent the spread of disease caused by Pt. Contact Contact Precaution Isolation procedures based on airborne, droplet and contact disease transmission Transmission-based precautions Isolation practices associated with airborne disease Airborne precaution Emission of radiant energy Radioactivity Isolation precaution to prevent the spread of microorganism carried in fluid droplets Droplet precaution Apparel worn to prevent contact with and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms PPE Personal Protective Equipment Excess collagen scar formation Keloid Result of an infection caused by spirochetes carried by deer ticks Lyme disease S shape curvature of the spine scoliosis Fever blisters cold sore Herpes Zoster shingles oversecretion of sebum by sebaceous gland acne stroke CVA Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal track Gastroenteritis Stones composed of calcium, uric acid, that crystallized within the kidney Renal Calculi Inflammation of the facial nerve causing paralysis and numbness of the face Bells Palsy Characterized by pain and tingling in the fingers and hand Carpal tunnel syndrome Swelling or constriction of t bronchial tubes causing wheezing Asthma Chronic disease of the nervous system characterized by muscle tremors, loss of equilibrium Parkinsons disease Inflammation of the urinary bladder Cyctitis Abnormally decreased blood level Hypoglycemia Caused by pathogen HIV AIDs Itchy,scaly,RED patches of skin Psoriasis Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus Impetigo Inflammation of the appendix Appendicitis Inflammation of the pharynx caused by group A strep Strep throat Do veins have Valves? Yes, to keep blood flowing in one direction Arteries are? Responsible for delivering Oxygen and Nutrients (can feel a pulse) What is the blood volume of an average adult? 5 to 6 Liters What do Arteries do Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart What is the largest Artery The Aorta What is the Anticoagulant in the LAVENDER top tube EDTA What is the RED blood cells function RBCs carry oxygen Med Tech (CLS) Have a Bachelor degree What is the liquid portion of blood that has not been allowed to clot? Plasma What is Serum? An amber-colored, protein-rich liquid that separates out when blood coagulates What are the 3 main veins in the arm used by a phlebotomist *Median Cubital *Basilic*Cephalic Upper Chamber of the heart Atrium When a Pt. donates their own blood for transfusion Autologous Transfusion Medical Laboratory Tech (CLT) Have Associates Degree Sections of a Clinical Lab *Hematology*Coagulation*Phlebotomy Section of he laboratory the collects, preps, and stores blood for transfusion BLOOD BANK Section of Lab that is responsible for Identification of pathogenic microorganisms and infection control MicroBIOlogy Type of Blood Vessels that transport blood through the body *Arteries *Veins*Capillaries Lower Chamber of the Heart Ventricle In order to maintain hemostasis, a complex coagulation mechanism involves *Blood vessels*Platelets*Coagulation Factors Defense mechanism is the main function of what blood cells? Leukocytes (WBC) Clotting mechanism is the main function of what blood cells? Thrombocytes (platelets) Chemical aspect of a routine urinalysis (UA) include? *Glucose*Ketones*Bilirubin The preferred overall accrediting agency for hospitals JCAHO Inspection teams, made up of Pathologists, and Med Techs visit the laboratory for inspection every ______ year(s) TWO Years Basophils Granulocytes Lymphocytes Agranulocytes Eosinophis Granulocytes Monocytes Agranulocytes Neutrophis Granulocytes Tiger top tube SST Chemistry section of the lab Lavender top tube EDTA Hematology section of the lab Gold top tube SST Chemistry section of the lab Lt. Blue top tube Sodium Citrate Coagulation section of the lab Pink top tube EDTA Blood Bank section of the lab Type and screen test Blood Bank Lab Fasting blood sugar test (FBS) Chemistry Lab High density lipoprotein test (HDL) Chemistry Lab Complete blood count (CBC) Hematology Lab Urine specific gravity Urinalysis Infectious mononucleosis (Monospot) Serology Cholesterol test Chemistry Lab Sputum culture Microbiology Lab Electrolytes Chemistry Lab Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) Coagulation section of the Lab Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Chemistry Lab Bilirubin Urinalysis Urine Culture Microbiology Lab ALT alanine aminotransfrase Chemistry Lab Prothrombin time (PT) Coagulation Section of Lab Stoppage of blood blow from a damaged blood vessel Hemostasis Substance that prevents blood from clotting Anticoagulant a decrease below normal values in the number of Leukocytes caused by chemotherapy Leukopenia An abnormal increase in the number of normal Leukocytes as seen in infection Leukocytosis A marked increase in the number of WBC in the bone marrow and circulating blood Leukemia A decrease in number of Erythrocytes (RBCs) or amount of hemoglobin in circulating blood Anemia Death or Necrosis of the heart muscle caused by lack of Oxygen (O2) Myocardial infraction Swollen peripheral veins caused by damaged valves Vericose veins Obstruction of the blood vessel by a moving clot Embolism A buldge formed by a weakness on the wall of blood vessel Aneurysm Destruction of (RBC) Red blood cells*Hematology Section* Hemolysis Liquid portion of Blood*Hematology Section* Plasma Clear Yellow fluid that remains after clotting blood has been centrifuged and separated*Hematology Section* Serum Instrument the spins test tubes at high speed*Chemistry Section* Centrifuge Method of separation by electrical charge*Chemistry Section* Electrophoresis Appearing Yellow*Chemistry Section* Icteric Pertaining to the turbidity from lipids*Chemistry Section* Lipemic Ions in the blood (Na, K, CI, CO2) *Chemistry Section* Electrolytes Protein capable of producing a chemical reaction with a specific substance*Chemistry Section* Enzymes Chemical analysis performed using antigens and antibodies*Chemistry Section* Immunochemistry Study of Poisons*Chemistry Section* Toxicology Substance that stimultes the formation of antibodies*Blood Bank Section* Antigen Plasma collected from a unit of blood and immediately frozen*Blood Bank Section* Fresh Frozen Plasma 405 to 495ml. of blood collected from a donor for transfusion*Blood Bank Section* UNIT of blood The study of blood cell antigens and their antibodies*Blood Bank Section* Immunohematology Protein produced by exposure to antigen*Blood Bank Section* Antibody Classification based on the presence or absence of A or B antigens on the RBCs*Blood Bank Section* Blood GROUP Procedures that matches patient and donor blood before transfusion*Blood Bank Section* Compatibility Blood from which Plasma has been REMOVED*Blood Bank Section* Packed Cells Component of fresh Plasma that contains Clotting factors*Blood Bank Section* Cryoprecipitate The study of Serum*Serology Section* Serology The study of the immune system*Serology Section* Immunology Another name for Antibody*Serology Section* Immunoglobulins Condition in which a person produces antibodies that react with the persons OWN antigen*Serology Section* Autoimmunity One-cell Microorganisms*Microbiology Section* Bacteria Test to id microorganisms and determine antibiotic suseptibility*Microbiology Section* Culture Sensitivity The study of Fungi*Microbiology Section* Mycology The study of Viruses*Microbiology Section* Virology The study of Bacteria *Microbiology Section* Bacteriology Stain used to classify bacteria*Microbiology Section* Gram Stain One cell organisi such as bacterium or virus*Microbiology Section* Microorganism The study of Parasites*Microbiology Section* Parasitology Glucos in Urine*Urinalysis Section* Glocosuria Blood in urine*Urinalysis Section* Hematuria Ketones in urine*Urinalysis Section* Ketonuria Protein in urine*Urinalysis Section* Proteinuria Physical, chemical,microscopic analysis of Urine*Urinalysis Section* Urinalysis First Voided Urine specimen collected upon rising*Urinalysis Section* First Morning Specimen Chemical impregnated plastic strip used for analysis of urine (dip stick)*Urinalysis Section* Reagent Strip What is proper order of Draw? Yellow, Lt. Blue, Red glass, Red Plastic, Red tiger or Gold, Green, Lt.Green, Lavender, Gray Yellow top tube SPS Sodium Poly Sulfonate, used for blood culture in the Microbiology lab Lt. Blue top tube Sodium Citrate, used for Pro-time and APTT, Coagulation Dept. Red Top Plain Glass tube NO Additives, whole blood, used by Chemistry, Serology, and Blood Bank Red top Plastic tube Clot Activator, used by Chemistry and Serology Red/Gray Tiger top and Gold Top With Clot Active SST (serum separator) Chemistry Lab Green top tube Heparin *sodium Heparin, Ammonium Heparin,Lithium Heparin* Used for Stat Lytes by the Chemistry Lab Lt. Green top tube Lithium Heparin PST (Plasma Separator tube) used by the Chemistry Lab Lavender top tube EDTA, used for CBC(complete blood count) by Hematology lab Gray top tube Sodium Fluoride(3days) OR Lithium Iodoacetate (24hrs)used for blood sugar by Chemistry Lab What are the 4 parts of a needle? *Beveled point*Shaft*Lumen*Hub The amount of blood collected in an evacuated tube? Ranges from 1.8 to 15 MLand is determined by the size of the tube and amount of vacuum present. Using a 23g needle with a large vacutube can produce what? Hemolysis, because RBCs are damaged when the large amount of vacume causes them to be rapidly pulled through the small needle. What color top does a Partial fill tube have?*also called a Short draw or less vacuum tube* Translucent Color What are the three types of blood that can be tested? Plasma, Serum, Whole blood How many times must a tube containing Anticoagulant be mixed? Must be inverted gently 3 to 8 times Why is K2EDTA the anticoagulant of choice It maintains cellular integrity better, inhibit platelet clumping, and does not interfere with routine staining procedures What color tubes contain K2EDTA Lavender, Royal blue, Pink, Tan Royal Blue top tube EDTA tests for Trace elements Tan top tube EDTA tests for Lead When are SST tubes not suitable for use? In Blood Bank and certain Immunology and Serology tests because the gel MAY interfere with the immunologic reactions. Why are Sterile specimens drawn first? To prevent microbial contamination. When is a winged infusion butterfly recommended Short term infusion, venipuncture on small veins,Child or Geriatric Pt. How much blood is lost in the tube of a Winged infusion? Approximately o.5ml Expired tubes may cause *Incompletely filled tube (short draw)*Clotted anti-coagulated specimens*Improperly preserved specimens*Insecure gel barriers REQUISITIONS: Provide information needed to. . *Correctly Id Pt.*Organize the necessary equipment*Collect appropriate specimens*Provide legal protection NPO Nothing by Mouth DNR Do Not Resuscitate when Identifying the patient by ID band The ID Band MUST BE ATTACHED TO PT. Palpation is used to determine *Direction of the vein*Size of the vein*Depth of the vein Two routine steps that aid in locating a suitable vein are *Applying a tourniquet*Asking Pt. to clench their fists What solution is used to clean veinipuncture site? 70% Isopropyl Alchol (Prep pad) For maximum Bacteriostatic action to occur how long should alcohol be allowed to dry? 30 to 60 seconds. Never wipe or blow on it to speed up dry time. This will recontaminate the site. Performing venipuncture before alcohol has dried will? *Cause a stinging sensation to Pt. *May Hemolyze the specimen How should the needle be facing for proper veinipuncture? Bevel up, at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees, depending on depth of target vein. What is the primary cause of a bruise or hematoma after a blood draw Failure to remove the tourniquet before removing the needle.